Posts Tagged ‘unity’

Over de Paradoxen van het Leven (in Dutch)

Tuesday, August 14th, 2012

INLEIDING

Op  heb ik een verhaal verteld over Path of Change in het Dialoques House van ABN AMRO in Amsterdam ZO.

Hierbij de plaatjes van de presentatie. Als er vragen zijn stel ze gerust via email ( hans.konstapel@gmail.com ).

Paths of Change gaat over veranderen en is ontwikkeld door Will McWhinney.

Recent is er een boek “Faciliteren als tweede beroep” verschenen van Jan Lelie dat een eigen interpretatie van Paths of Change bevat. Mensen die meer over Paths of Change willen weten wordt aangeraden in ieder geval dit boek te lezen.

Het Egyptische Spel Mehen

Jan Lelie heeft Paths of Change (POC) toegepast op Faciliteren terwijl ik het vooral heb gebruikt bij het Ontwerpen van Systemen.

POC kan op alle terreinen worden toegepast die je maar kunt bedenken omdat het een Meta-Praxis is, een Theorie over de Praktijk van het Veranderen.

POC is in 1997 door Jan Lelie geintroduceerd door het delen van het boek Paths of Change. Ik was zo onder de indruk van dit boek dat ik onmiddellijk op bezoek ben gegaan bij Will McWhinney. Tot zijn dood zijn we (met vele anderen) bezig geweest om een verbetering van het boek te schrijven met als werktitel Grammars of Engagement (GoE). Het boek is helaas nooit gepubliceerd. GoE gaat over synchronisatie.

THEORIE

POC gaat er vanuit dat mensen een eigen onafhankelijke perspectief op de wereld hebben en dat het mogelijk is om die verschillende kijken te classificeren met behulp van vier zogenaamde wereldbeelden (“Worldview”). Veranderingen gaan altijd samen met veranderingen van wereldbeeld.

De oneindige varieteit aan menselijke kijken kan worden afgeleid door het toepassen van de wereldbeelden op zichzelf. Ieder mens leeft in zijn eigen universum maar er bestaat een fractaal patroon waardoor ze elkaar kunnen begrijpen.

Het patroon kan worden gevonden  door de regelmaat in de regelmaat (in de regelmaat…) te onderzoeken. Wat dan blijkt is dat die regelmaat een zelf-referentie is. Hetzelfde patroon blijft zich herhalen.

Veranderingen zijn Cyclisch en Fractaal. Dezelfde veranderingen komen altijd weer terug op iedere Schaal die er bestaat. Ze springen in de tijd van Schaal (bijv. Mens) naar Schaal (Organisatie) en zelfs de Schaalsprongen zijn weer onderdeel van een Cyclus.

Het is zoals de Sufi’s zeggen: Alles draait om Alles.

Alles draait om Alles

Alles draait om Alles

VERKLARING MIDDELS DE LOGICA

Hierdoor is Alles uiteindelijk in zichzelf gesloten en roteert rondom het centrum van het centrum (van het centrum…..), de Leegte.

De “mystieke” leegte heeft exact dezelfde eigenschappen als de wiskundige leegte die de lege verzameling wordt genoemd. Dat is niet zo raar als het klinkt als je beseft dat wat de Christenen in het Evangelie van Johannes de Logos noemen (“In den beginne was het Woord (Logos)”) dezelfde principes vertegenwoordigd als wat wij nu de Logica noemen.

De lege verzameling die de Leegte wordt genoemd staat voor alles wat nu nog onmogelijk is. In China wordt ze de Tao genoemd.

Alles is niet-Niets

Alles is niet Niets

De schepping, Alles wat  Is, is de ont-kenning van de Leegte. Die negatie ging gepaard met een enorme explosie in de vorm van een Dirac Delta-puls waardoor het Alles tot op heden permanent aan het expanderen is volgens de regel Space/Time, waarbij de tijd de inverse is van de ruimte. Alles spiraleert rondom het onmogelijke, het Niets. Als we alle schillen van de ui hebben afgenomen blijft er niets over.

Nothing is an opportunity to imagine something. Absolute nothing is the most powerful opportunity of all to imagine anything at all. Because there is really absolutely nothing, the contrast with even a flickering thought of something is enough to make that something seem real! (Law of Forms, Spencer Brown).

The Spiraling Spiral in Chartres Cathedral

De Spiralerende Spiraal in de Kathedraal van Chartres

Het betekent ook dat er altijd sprake is van een paradox, een onlogische situatie, die we steeds maar weer proberen op te lossen maar in zijn wezen onoplosbaar is.

Will McWhinney’s meest wijze woorden zijn dan ook “Our task is not to resolve the paradoxes, but to manage them”. Het heeft geen zin om de uiteindelijke logica achter de werkelijkheid te zoeken want die bestaat niet.

Decentralisatie roept Centralisatie op en een streven naar Menselijkheid tendeert uiteindelijk in On-Menselijkheid. De enige manier is om van alles het midden te vinden en van daar uit te gaan balanceren net als een koordanser. Vandaar de andere favoriete uitspraak van Will “There is only the Dance” (van Shiva).

VERANDERPADEN

Veranderingen lopen vast als het pad van de cyclus tegen het pad van een andere cyclus opbotst. Die botsing kan worden vermeden of het conflict kan worden opgelost door een Derde Wereldbeeld te introduceren (een By-Pass) of door een extra dimensie (een “bewustzijn of observator”) te introduceren waardoor ze boven (of onder) elkaar kunnen bewegen.

De vier wereldbeelden zijn inzichtelijk gemaakt in het Book of Kells

DE WERELDBEELDEN EN DE PERSOONLIJKHEID

De wereldbeelden worden door Will McWhinney Unity, Sensory, Social en Mythic genoemd en zijn te vergelijken met de vier Archetypen van Jung die je kunt terugvinden in de persoonlijkheidstest MBTI. In deze test worden ze T(hinking, Unity), S(ensing, Sensory), F(eeling, Social) en I(ntuiting, Mythic) genoemd.

In MBTI worden er naast de 2-combinaties van STN & F ook nog Introvert & Extravert (I/E) en Perceiving/Judging (P/J) onderscheiden.

Introvert & Extravert slaan in het model van Will op de draairichting van de combinatie. Introvert is Naar-Binnen-Gericht (Van Sensory -> Unity -> Mythic -> Social -> Sensory) en Extravert is Naar-Buiten-Gericht (Sensory->Social->Mythic->Unity->Sensory).

P betekent Boven-het-Model (= de Observator/Bewustzijn/Abstractie/Monitor) en J is In-het-Model. Dit betekent dat er eigenlijk nog een Vijfde Wereldbeeld is maar het beeld bestaat buiten het 2-D-vlak van de vier anderen in de 3De dimensie.

Als je het projecteert in het 2D-vlak komt het in het midden uit op het Kruis-punt van de twee lijnen die de vier verbindt. In die zin staat het Kruis voor Centrum, Balans, Evenwicht en Bewustzijn.

Het grote verschil met de andere beelden is dat het net als het Oog van de Storm stil staat terwijl de rest van de paden ronddraaien. Mensen die problemen hebben met dit Wereldbeeld zijn onevenwichtig.

De Vijf Organen van de Acupunctuur passen perfect op de Vier Wereldbeelden. Het vijfde orgaan staat voor de relatie Geheel/Deel (Earth).

VERGELIJKBARE (META-)MODELLEN

De wereldbeelden zijn ook te verbinden met Het Denken in Modellen (Unity, Waar-maken), het Sensory-Motor Systeem (Handelen en Waar-nemen, Sensory), de Emoties (Social, Waar-deren) en de Verbeelding (Mythic, Waar-om?).

Daarnaast kun je de wereldbeelden ook afbeelden naar IT-technologie (Smart Computing). In dat geval heeft Sensory te maken met Sensors & Proces-management, Unity met Analytics en natuurlijk Big Data, Mythic met User-Inter-Face & Action waarbij nu bijv. Augmented Reality en natuurlijk Games een grote rol spelen en Social met zoals de naam het al zegt Social Networks.

Die Sociale Netwerken kun je weer verdelen in vier onderdelen n.l. de Sociale Sociale netwerken (Friends & Family), de sociale netwerken die de interesse bevredigen (Mytisch Sociale Netwerken), de sociale netwerken waar je ervaring deelt (Sensory Sociale Netwerken, Community of Practice) en de Kenniscentra (Unity Sociale Networken). Hier zie je de “fractale” kracht van POC.

The map is not the territory.

Het is van groot belang om te beseffen dat het Model, de Waar-heid van POC  thuis hoort in de Unity-Mode, POC in de Praktijk van de Sensory-Mode kan worden toegepast, gewaardeerd wordt in de Social-Mode en In-zicht geeft in de Mythic-mode.

De ver-woording (= Unity) van POC die je nu leest is een voorbeeld van de Unity-Mode en niet van de andere Modes. Die andere Modes zul je zelf vorm moeten geven omdat je nu eenmaal een uniek (Mythic), sociaal (Social), bewegend & waarnemend (Sensory) en naar autonomie (Unity) strevend mens bent.

Je bent geen wandelend verhaal maar een fysiek lichaam, je emoties zijn geen woorden maar die voel je en wat je ziet wordt door je verbeelding in beelden omgezet. De buitenwereld is geen plaatje dat je bekijkt maar iets waar je met je fysieke lichaam aan deelneemt.

Vindt je eigen beperkingen:

Door een MBTI test te doen (druk hier) kun je een indruk krijgen van je eigen perceptie van de  wereldbeelden die je hanteert (Let op: “die perceptie kan niet kloppen!”) en wat veel belangrijker is welke wereldbeelden je niet kunt zien (voelen, meten, vaststellen). Die vormen je zwakke plek of bias. Geloof je niet in een Bias dan maak je in ieder geval niet gebruik van het Mythische wereldbeeld omdat je daar “gelooft” (en het dus niet zeker weet). Zeker weten doe je als je Unity bent.

Als je dit verhaal tot op heden niet practisch vindt en voorbeelden mist dan ben je in ieder geval Sensory. Als je plaatjes mist en diagrammen en snel overzicht wilt hebben ben je Mythic en als je graag wilt weten wie POC ook gebruikt en aanbeveelt ben je Social.

OMDAT MENSEN VERSCHILLEN HEBBEN ZE ANDEREN NODIG OM HET GEHEEL TE KENNEN.

Als je de wereld als een geheel wilt zien, ervaren, waarnemen of waarderen zul je andere mensen moeten zoeken die beschikken over een complementaire kijk  en via de gedeelde wereldbeelden moeten gaan communiceren. Hierbij moet je beseffen dat je die anderen volledig zult moeten vertrouwen in de kijk die jij niet hebt.

De meeste mensen kunnen twee wereldbeelden hanteren en eenvoudig tussen die wereldbeelden switchen zonder dat ze dat merken.

Als je maar 1 wereldbeeld aankunt ben je volgens de Psychiatrie geestelijk in de war. Mensen die uitsluitend het Wereldbeeld Unity gebruiken zijn Paranoide en een unieke orientatie op Mythic wordt Histrionisch genoemd. In dat laatste geval speel je permanent een (toneel)spel en geloof je je eigen leugens omdat je volledig in je eigen fantasie leeft.

De trickster gelooft in zijn eigen leugens

De trickster gelooft in zijn eigen leugens

in POC worden de vier wereldbeelden gecombineerd in 4 1-combinaties, 6 2-combinaties, 4 3-combinaties en 3 vier-combinatie die allemaal ook nog een keer met de klok of tegen de klok kunnen ronddraaien. In dit opzicht kunnen ze allemaal worden gezien als een cyclus.

De zes 2-combinaties kun je Ontwerpen/Inspireren, Analyseren/Toetsen, Evalueren/Alloceren, Brainstormen/Faciliteren, Beinvloeden/Meningvormen en Uitvinden/Ondernemen noemen. Will McWhinney noemt ze Spellen (“Games”). De combinatie Social/Sensory noemt hij bijvoorbeeld het Spel van de Markt.

Het bijzondere van POC is dat de vier wereldbeelden met het bewustzijn in het midden afzonderlijk weer kunnen worden verdeeld in vier delen met behulp van dezelfde wereldbeelden waardoor er in eerste instantie 16 mogelijkheden ontstaan waarvan er 12 verschillend zijn en vier weer gelijk zijn aan de oorspronkelijke wereldbeelden. UnityXUnity is nu eenmaal gelijk aan Unity.

PATH OF CHANGE KAN OP ZICHZELF WORDEN TOEGEPAST

Het toepassen van POC op zichzelf laat zien dat POC fractaal (zelf-referend) is. De zelf-referentie kan eindeloos worden voortgezet met als enige kanttekening dat het bepaald ogenblik erg moeilijk wordt om de combinaties te benoemen.

De expansie naar 2**8=64 is een heel bijzondere en wordt toegepast in de I Tjing. Daarnaast zie je hem ook terug in spellen zoals het Schaakspel.

Na de 64 herhaalt alles zich en die herhaling kun je zien in het getal 8 dat een eigenlijk een Moebius-ring voorstelt. 8 = 2×4 en door het koppelen van twee ronddraaiende 4-hoeken op 1 punt (het Hart) komen we op de bekende 3-1-3 (=7) structuur die zich toont in de Zeven Chakra’s.

De Moebius Ring, het getal 8, toont zich in de Panarchy Theorie.

In wiskundig oogpunt heeft POC erg veel verband met de z.g. Driehoek van Pascal, die heel lang geleden de berg Meru werd genoemd.

De basis-fractal van POC is niet 2×2 maar tweevoudig of beter gezegd drie-voudig omdat het onmogelijk is om een verdeling te maken zonder de deling (“het onderscheid”) zelf ook mee te nemen ook al is het eerste onderscheid  ”geen onderscheid”.

DE ESSENTIE VAN PATH OF CHANGE IS MEER-DIMENSIONAAL ADEMEN.

De eerste Trinity  (Yin/Yang + Midden) kan op vele manieren worden weergegeven. Ik prefereer de Uitgaande (“Expansie”, Extravert) en de Ingaande (“compressie”, Introvert) Beweging die in combinatie het “ademen” van de werkelijkheid simuleert. De derde (“het Midden”, Rust, de Leegte) is het moment waarop de uitgaande beweging weer omdraait in een ingaande beweging.

In zijn wezen is ieder mens een unieke fractale expansie van Path of Change dus van het Ademende Heelal.

Er zijn aanwijzingen dat we op dit moment in de 42e expansie zitten. De expansies vinden ook weer volgens een regelmaat plaats. Die regelmaat wordt  beschreven door de Bronze Mean.

De Bronze Mean komt voort uit een abstractie van de Gulden Snede ook wel de reeks van Fibonacci genoemd. Het bijzondere is dat de generator van de Bronze Mean wordt gestuurd door de Trinity.

De berg Meru

HET LEVEN IS EEN SPEL

Volgens Will McWhinney spelen mensen met elkaar een spel waarbij ze soms gevangen zitten in een gezamenlijke cyclus zoals de “drama triangle“.

Het meest intigrerende spel is een combinatie van Mythic & Social (“Het waarderen van ideeen”) (Brainstorm, Explosie), (“het collectieve onderbewustzijn activeren”) (Scheppen, Implosie)). Dit is het spel dat spellen maakt, het spel dat kinderen spelen, het spel van de magier en de  trickster en het oneindige spel (“the infinite game“) omdat het niet wordt gespeeld om te winnen maar omdat het voortgaan van het spelen op zich het mooiste is wat de mens, als mede-schepper kan doen.

Een hele bekende 2-cyclus is de wetenschapscyclus waarbij theorien (Unity) worden getoetst aan de werkelijkheid (Sensory) en andersom.

Door de enorme waarde (= Social) die er in onze tijd aan wetenschap (=objectief) wordt toegekend lopen we het risico dat de weg terug (het aanpassen van de theorie aan de praktijk) niet plaatsvindt waardoor onze werkelijkheid een theoretische constructie wordt (een norm, regel) waar we ons aan te houden hebben.

Een veranderingspad werkt als er geen sprake is van een conflict van de wereldbeelden. Een conflict ontstaat als twee paden verschillende kanten oplopen en daardoor botsen.

Een voorbeeld is het boven beschreven conflict tussen praktijk en theorie maar het kan nog vervelender worden als de andere wereldbeelden (Social = Emoties en Mythic = Verbeelding) ook worden gedomineerd door het Unity-wereldbeeld.

Hierdoor worden Emoties vervormd tot Emotionele Intelligentie en wordt de Verbeelding gediskwalificeerd als een Illusie of Fantasie.

TOEPASSING

In de presentatie toon ik een klein aantal van de enorme hoeveelheid toepassingen van POC.

LOGICA VAN DE SCHEPPING

Het eerste deel, de Logica van de Schepping, laat zien dat de vier wereldbeelden eigenlijk bestaan uit een combinatie van slechts twee beelden (Expansie & Compressie (niet-Expansie)) die de lege verzameling gemeen hebben.

Het ene beeld is een negatie (ont-kenning) van het andere beeld. Ze worden in de praktijk aangeduid met bijv. Yang en Yin, mannelijk en niet-mannelijk (=vrouwelijk), orde en niet-orde (chaos), licht en niet-licht (donker), koud en niet-koud (warm) etc etc.

De twee andere wereldbeelden zijn combinaties van de Yin en de Yang via EN (Mythic, Yin EN Yang) en OF (Social, Yin OF Yang).

Tetralemma

Tetralemma

De vier kijken op de wereld worden in het Boeddhisme het Tetralemma genoemd.

Het Tetralemma wordt gebruikt om de “vreemde” wereld van de Quantum-mechanica te verklaren.

Met behulp van  de twee-heid “Naar buiten gaan” (Extravert, Expansie) en “Naar binnen gaan” (Introvert, Compressie) en de logische operatoren EN en OF kun je eindeloos veel 2-combinaties maken waarvan het aantal een macht van twee is.

Een mooi voorbeeld van een betekenisvolle binaire combinatiereeks is de I Tjing die 64 (2**8) combinatie bevat. Het getal 64 is een heel bijzonder getal omdat na de 64 de cyclus zich weer herhaalt. Het symbool van het getal 8 is niet voor niets de Moebius Ring.

De Cyclus van 2-machten ook wel de Bron genoemd.

In de I Tjing zijn alle combinaties voorzien van een symbool en een kort verhaaltje dat de betekenis van dit symbool uitlegt. Duidelijk zal zijn dat men hierbij gebruik heeft gemaakt van de uitingen van het combinatie-spel in de Natuur en de Mens.

In het Mythic wereldbeeld dat wordt verbonden met Ideeen, Scheppen en het Verbeelden worden twee tegenstellingen (Appel en Niet-Appel, Goed en niet-Goed = Kwaad)  opgeheven door naar een hoger niveau van abstractie (Fruit, Ethiek) te springen. Die fusie geeft erg veel energie net als de combinatie van materie en anti-materie.

Mensen met een Social Wereldbeeld moeten steeds een keuze maken tussen de twee tegenstellingen omdat ze anderen te-vreden willen houden. Ze durven het conflict niet aan dat voortvloeit uit de contraverse tussen de twee tegendelen (bv Orde & Chaos).

Een waarde is een karakteristieke manier waarop mensen een keuze maken. Omdat POC fractaal (zelf-refererend) is bestaan er weer vier verschillende manieren om een keuze te maken, waarbij de vierde manier een combinatie van hetzelfde (hier Social/Social) is.  In dat laatste geval kiezen mensen door weer nieuwe keuzes te gaan formuleren.

Doordat mensen een keuze maken (en hun opties niet open houden) wordt de wereld die ze beschouwen steeds kleiner (gefragmenteerd, gespecialiseerd). Als de twee-deling overlapt (wat meestal het geval is) wordt de wereld ook steeds vager en conflicteuzer omdat mensen een claim gaan leggen op elkaars gebied. Ze zijn niet instaat om het conflict op te lossen omdat alles met alles lijkt samen te hangen. Er zijn geen duidelijke grenzen meer.

HET WEERSYSTEEM

Het tweede deel gaat over de vier wereldbeelden in samenhang met het weer-systeem. Hier wordt ook de vier-combinatie-cyclus zichtbaar. Hier zie je dat Social en Mythic nodig zijn om de voortgaande expansie en/of  compressie een halt toe te roepen zodat het geheel niet weer opgaat in de Leegte die het Niet-Al is. Hierdoor ontstaat de Levensgolf (de Svara).

gravity waves

gravity waves

OUDE MODELLEN

Het derde deel “Het Rad van Avontuur” genoemd, behandelt oude vormen van Path of Change (Indianen (Medicine Wheel), China(Sheng-Cyclus, Lo Shu) en het Buddhisme). Die staan allemaal uitgebreid beschreven in dit document.

PSYCHOLOGIE

Deel vier gaat over Interpersonal Theory, waarna wordt getoond dat de twee gekoppelde vier-combinatie-cycli overeenstemmen met het aloude concept van de chakra en dat het symbool van het Hart-Chakra (twee gekoppelde driehoeken) hetzelfde toont.

EGYPTISCHE GODEN

Het laatste plaatje in dit onderdeel gaat over de Egyptische Godin (= concept) Ma’at, die ook de bestuurder was van de toegang tot het dodenrijk (het pad van reincarnatie, het rad van avontuur). Het Egyptische concept Ma’at laat zien dat je uit het Rad van Avontuur kunt stappen als je de twee driehoeken van de Geest en het Lichaam in evenwicht brengt in het Hart dat dan zo licht weegt als de Veer van Ma’at. Ma’at werd door de Grieken Sophia (Wijsheid) genoemd.

BEDRIJVIGHEID

In deel vijf worden een aantal toepassingen van POC getoond in het bedrijfsleven en het laatste deel gaat over de relatie tussen POC en tijd. Dit laatste deel staat ook hier beschreven.

In het deel over het bedrijfsleven toont POC dat de bedrijfskundigen vergeten zijn om het pad rond te laten lopen in een bedrijf waardoor er geen sprake is van feed-back. De beroemde waardeketen van Porter is eigenlijk een waardencyclus en ketenomkering is niets anders dan consumeren en consumeren is niets anders dan de omgekeerde rotatie van produceren.

Produceren is een vorm van Compressie (Versimpelen van de Praktijk) en Consumeren een vorm van Expansie die elkaar eigenlijk zouden moeten opheffen.

In dit laatste geval zijn we vergeten om de rechtsdraaiende cyclus van de productie te koppelen met de linksdraaiende cyclus van de consumptie waardoor het opheffen van de productie door de consumptie niet meer evenwichtig plaatsvindt. Productie en consumptie zijn een prachtig voorbeeld van boven beschreven complementaire wereldbeelden die samen de Leegte vormen.

LINKS

Over de wiskunde van het bewustzijn

Over de theorie van de Cycli

Over de vier wereldbeelden

Over Logica

About Perspective

Thursday, February 2nd, 2012

Effective Ways To Improve Production Efficiency For Your Manufacturing Business

While all business owners should be taking measures to enhance efficiency, as this aspect of business growth is of extreme importance regardless of the industry, manufacturing businesses should take measures to boost production efficiency for several other reasons. These reasons range from improving workplace safety to saving on costs and everything in between. Manufacturing businesses that claim the lion’s share of the market are always searching for new ways to improve production efficiency with the intention of ultimately improving their bottom line.

So, to ensure your manufacturing business is constantly making notable strides towards improving production efficiency, we have rounded up five practical ways for you to achieve this. With that said, these five solutions break down the five fundamental focus points of manufacturing efficiency. Therefore, you can use these practices for years to come.

Waste in the manufacturing industry is a cost that should be avoided. And waste is also a broad term in this industry as it refers to employee hours, energy consumption, materials, and a few others. However, material waste is usually the biggest concern in the manufacturing industry. When searching for ways to reduce waste, you will need to utilize your conclusions from evaluating your production line, learn more detailed information from this top tier short cut fibers manufacturer.

When identifying waste, each of your production line processes will create some waste; identifying the processes responsible for making the most waste is the best way to reduce overall waste. However, you can also reduce waste by recycling or reusing waste instead of dumping it. You could also consider selling your waste to a business that can properly use it if you cannot eliminate the bulk of your waste.

The production line in your manufacturing business is the core of your business functions. When evaluating the production line, you should assess all the details as well, including the commonly overlooked details, such as loading dock bumper and other essential loading dock equipment your business needs. When it comes to sourcing and maintaining loading dock bumpers, you can consider Miner Corp or other leading industry service and equipment providers to ensure your production line has everything it needs to function as it should.

Throughput is another primary focal point to consider; you need this metric to measure the number of units being produced in a certain period on average. While quality equipment is crucial in ensuring your production line can run smoothly, evaluating your throughput will help you identify issues in your production line on occasions when the throughput is not entirely up to par. Capacity utilization is another element of your production line to evaluate, and this refers to calculating your factory’s total output capacity. This will allow you to determine your production line’s performance at all times.

While you are evaluating your production line, you will probably discover the most significant breakdowns in production. These are otherwise referred to as bottlenecks. Because having to shut down operations even for half a day can have a massive impact on your business’s reputation and overall profits, identifying sources of breakdowns and taking measures to prevent them from reoccurring is vital to all companies operating in the manufacturing industry.

About Number and Magnitude

Monday, January 9th, 2012

We have lost the relationship between Number and Form or Number and Magnitude as the Ancient Greeks called their Forms.

A few years ago a Revolution in Mathematics and Physics has started. This revolution is caused by Geometric Algebra.

In Geometric Algebra the Ancient Theories of Euclid and Pythagoras are reevaluated.

Numbers are Scalar (Quantum) Movements of Geometric Patterns and not Static Symbols of Abstractions that have nothing to do with our Reality.

Movements and not Forces are the Essence of Physics.

The basic rule Movement = Space/Time (v=s/t) shows that  Time and Space are two Reciprocal 3D-Spaces. Our Senses Experience Space and not Time.

The Simple Rule N/N=1/1=1 balances the Duals of Space and Time. One Unit Step in Space is always Compensated by One Unit Step in Time.

Geometric Algebra has a strange relationship with Pascals Triangle. This Triangle, also called the Binomial Expansion, contains all the Possible Combinations of two Independent Variables. Our Universe is a Combination of Combinations exploring Every Possibility.

The last and perhaps most important Discovery in Mathematics called Bott Periodicity shows itself in Pascals Triangle.

Bott Periodicity proves that we live in a Cyclic Fractal Universe, the Wheel of Fortune, that is Rotating around the Void, the Empty Set. The Empty Set contains Every Thing that is Impossible in our Universe.

This blog is not a Scientific Article. I have tried to connect the Old Sciences and the New Sciences in my own Way.

It contains many links to Scientific Articles and even Courses in Geometric Algebra.

So if you want to Dig Deeper Nothing will Stop You.

About the One and the Dirac Delta Function

Every Thing was created out of  No Thing, the Empty Set, ɸ, the Void, the Tao. The Empty Set contains 0 objects.

The Empty Set is not Empty. It contains Infinite (∞) Possibilities that are Impossible.

Every impossibility has a probability of 0 but the sum of all possibilities (1/∞=0) is always 1. In the beginning ∞/∞ =1  or ∞x0=1.

This relationship is represented by the Dirac Delta Function. It is used to simulate a Point Source of Energy (a Spike, an Explosion) in Physics.

The Delta is reprented by the Symbol Δ, a Triangle. The Delta is called Dalet in the Phoenican and Hebrew Alphabet. Daleth is the number 4 and means Door.

The original symbol of the Delta/Daleth contains two lines with a 90 Degree Angle. Two orthogonal lines create a Square or Plane.

The Dirac Delta Function is defined as a Square  with an Area of 1,  a Width of 1/n and a Height of n where n->∞.

The Dirac Delta Function is a Line with an Area of 1.

In the Beginning a Huge Explosion took place that created the Universe.

The Dirac Delta Function δ (x) has interesting properties: δ (x) = δ (-x), δ (x) = δ (1/x). It has two Symmetries related to the Negative Numbers and the Rational Numbers.

When we move from 2D to 1D, the Number Line, the Delta Function becomes the Set of the Numbers N/N =1.

The Tetraktys of Pythagoras

The Monad (1) of the Tetraktys of Pythagoras, the Top of the Triangle, was created by Dividing the One (1) by Itself without Diminishing itself. The Monad (1/1=1)  is part of  the 1D Delta Function.

Creation is an Expansion of the 1/1 into the N/N, adding 1/1 all the time,  until ∞/∞ is reached. At that moment every Impossibility has been realized.

File:Dirac function approximation.gif

The Dirac Delta Pulse

 

To move Back to the Void and restore the Eternal Balance of  the One,  Dividing (Compression) has to be compensated by Multiplication (Expansion).

At the End of Time N/M and M/N have to find Balance in the N/N,  move Back to  1/1, Unite in the 0 and become The Void (ɸ) again.

About the Strange Behavior of Numbers

The big problem of the Numbers is that they sometimes behave very differently from what we Expect them to do.

This Strange Behavior happens when we try to Reverse what we are doing.

It looks like the Expansion of the Universe of Numbers is Easy but the Contraction creates many Obstacles.

It all starts with the Natural Numbers (1,2,3,).

When we Reverse an Addition (Subtract) and move over the Line of the Void Negative Numbers appear. Together with the Natural Numbers they are called the Integers.

The same happens when we Reverse a Division and the Fractions (the Rational Numbers) (1/3, 7/9) suddenly pop up.

An Integer N is a Rational Number divided by 1 (N/1).

The Integers are the Multiples of 1, the Fractions are its Parts.

Numbers behave even stranger when we want to Reverse a Repeating Repeating Addition (Irrational Numbers) and want to calculate a Rational Power (2**1/2).

The Complex Numbers (or Imaginary Numbers), based on the Square Root of -1 called i, are a combination of the Negative Numbers and the Irrational Numbers.

Irrational Numbers ( the Pythagorean Theorem), Fractions (a Piece of the Cake) and Negative Numbers (a Debt) are part of our Reality but the Strange Number i represents something we cannot Imagine.

About the Duality and the Expansion of Space

In the beginning the only One who was in existence was the 1.

When the One divide itself again the number -1, the Complement of 1, came into existence.

1 and -1 are voided in the No Thing, the Empty Set, 0:  -1 + 1 = 0.

The Two, the Duality, both started to Expand in Two Opposite Directions (<– and +->) both meeting in the  ∞/∞. This expansion is what we call Space.

Space is a Combination of the Strings S(1,1,1,1,1,…) and -S = (-1,-,1,-,1,-1,…) where S+S=(0,0,0,0,0,0,…).

The Expansion pattern of Space is a Recursive Function S: S(N)=S(N-1)+1 in which + means concatenate (or add) the String “,1″.

An Addition X + Y is a concatenation of S(X) and S(Y). A Substraction X-Y is a concatenation of S(X) and -S(Y). In the last case all the corresponding combinations of 1 and -1 are voided. (1,1,1,1)-(1,1,1)=(0,0,0,1)=(1).

Multiplication XxY is Adding String S(Y) every time a “1″ of S(X ) is encountered: 111 x 11 = 11  11  11. Dividing X/Y is Subtracting S(X) every time a “1″ of S(Y) is encountered:.111  111  1/111=11 1/111. In the last example a Fraction 1/111 appears.

This Number System is called the Unary Number System.

About the Trinity and the Compression of Space called Time

The Strange Behavior of Numbers is caused by the Limitations of our Memory System. We are unable to remember long strings that contain the same Number.

To make things easy for us we Divide Space into small Parts so we were able to Re-Member (Re-Combine the Parts).

When we want to Re-member, Move Back in Time, we have to Compress Expanding Space.

Compressed Space is Time.

Time and Space have a Reciprocal Relationship called Movement (Velocity = Space/Time).

There are  many ways ( (1,1,1), (1,1,1),..) or ((1,1),(1,1))) to Compress a String in Repeating Sub-Patterns.

In the blog About the Trinity I showed that the most Efficient Way to group the One’s is to make use of a Fractal Pattern (a Self Reference) and Groups of Three Ones.

The Trinity applied to the Trinity ( A Fractal) is a Rotating Binary Tree. Binary Trees represent the Choices we make in Life.

The rotating Expanding Binary Trees generate the Platonic Solids (see linked video!) when the (number)-parts of the Binary Tree Connect.

The Ternairy Number System is represented by the Binary Tree

When we connect Three Ones (1,1,1) by Three Lines (1-1,1-1,1-1) a 2 Dimensional Triangle Δ is Created.

If we take the Δ as a new Unity we are able to rewrite the patterns of 1′s and -1′s into a much Shorter Pattern of Δ’s and 1′s: (1,1,1),(1,1,1),(1,1,1), 1,1 becomes Δ,Δ,Δ,1,1.

We can repeat this approach when there is still a Trinity left: Δ,Δ,Δ,1,1 becomes ΔxΔ,1,1.

This Number System is called the Ternary Number System.

About Ratio’s and Magnitudes

According to EuclidA Ratio is a sort of relation in respect of size between two magnitudes of the same kind“.

A Magnitude is a Size: a property by which it can be compared as Larger or Smaller than other objects of the Same Kind. A Line has a Length, a Plane has an Area (Length x Width), a Solid a Volume (Length xWitdth x Height).

For the Greeks, the Numbers (Arithmoi) were the Positive Integers. The objects of Geometry: Points, Lines, Planes , were referred to as “Magnitudes” (Forms). They were not numbers, and had no numbers attached.

Ratio, was a Relationship between Forms and a Proportion was a relationship between the Part and the Whole (the Monad) of a Form.

Newton turned the Greek conception of Number completely on its head: “By Number we understand, not so much a Multitude of Unities, as the abstracted Ratio of any Quantity, to another Quantity of the same Kind, which we take for Unity”.

We now think of a Ratio as a Number obtained from other numbers by Division. A Proportion, for us, is a statement of equality between two “Ratio‐Numbers”.

This was not the thought pattern of the ancient Greeks. When Euclid states that the ratio of A to B is the same as the ratio of C to D, the letters A, B, C and D do not refer to numbers at all, but to segments or polygonal regions or some such magnitudes.

The Ratio of two geometric structures  was determinated  by fitting the Unit Parts of the first geometric Stucture into the Other.

The Perfect Triangle of the Tetraktys contains 9 = 3x3 Triangels. A Triangle contains 3 Lines and 3 Points.

An Example:  The Tetraktys is a Triangle (A Monad) and contains 9 Triangles (a Monad). The 1x1x1-Triangle Δ, a Part of the Tetraktys,  is Proportional to the Whole of the Tetraktys (T) and has a Ratio T/Δ = 3= Δ -> T = Δ (3)  x Δ (3) = 9.

The Mathematics of Euclid is not a Mathematics of Numbers, but a Mathematics of Forms.

The symbols, relationships and manipulations have Physical or Geometric Objects as their referents.

You cannot work on this Mathematics without Knowing (and Seeing) the Objects that you are Working with.

About Hermann Grassman, David Hestenes and the Moving Line called Vector

Hermann Grasmann lived between 1809 and and 1877 in Stettin (Germany). Grassmann was a genius and invented Geometric Algebra a 100 years before it was invented.

In his time the most important mathematicians did not understand what he was talking about although many of them copied parts of his ideas and created their own restricted version. None of them saw the whole Grassmann was seeing.

When he was convinced nobody would believe him he became a linguist. He wrote books on German grammar, collected folk songs, and learned Sanskrit. His dictionary and his translation of the Rigveda were recognized among philologists.

Grassmann took over the heritage of Euclid and added, Motion, something Euclid was aware of but could not handle properly.

angle between vectors in 2 dimentions

A Displacement or Bivector

Grassmann became aware of the fact your hand is moving when you draw a 2D Geometric Structure. He called the Moving Lines, that connect the Points, Displacements (“Strecke”).

screw theory 2

A Displacement and a Rotation of a Vector

In our current terminology we would call the Displacements “Vectors”.

blades

Vector algebra is simpler, but specific to Euclidean 3-space, while Geometric Algebra works in all dimensions. In this case Vectors become Bi/Tri or Multi-Vectors (Blades).

The Trick of Grassmann was that he could transform every transformation on any geometrical structure into a very simple Algebra. Multi-Dimensional Geometric Structures could be Added, Multiplied and Divided.

The Greek Theory of Ratio and Proportion is now incorporated in the properties of Scalar and Vector multiplication.

add-bivectors

Combining (Adding) Bivectors creates a Trivector

About a 100 years later David Hestenes improved the Theory of Grassmann by incorporating the Imaginary Numbers. In this way he united many until now highly disconnected fields of Mathematics that were created by the many mathematicians who copied parts of Grassmanns Heritage.

About Complex Numbers, Octions, Quaternions, Clifford Algebra and Rotations in Infinite Space

Grassmann did not pay much attention to the Complex Numbers until he heard of a young mathematician called William Kingdon Clifford (1845-1879).

Complex numbers are ,just like the Rationals (a/b), 2D-Numbers. A Complex number Z = a  + ib where  i**2=-1. Complex Numbers can be represented in Polar Coordinates: Z = R (cos(x) + i sin(x)) where R = SQRT(a**2 + b**2).  R is the Radius, the Distance to the Center (0,0).

When you have defined a 2D-complex Number it is easy to define a 4-D-Complex Number called a Quaternion:  Z = a + ib + jc + kd or a 8-D Complex Number called an Octonion.

William Rowan Hamilton, the inventor of the Quaternions, had big problems to find an interpretation of all the combinations i, j and k until he realized that i**2 =j**2 = k**2 = ijk=-1.

What Hamilton did not realize at that time was that he just like Grassmann had invented Vector Algebra and Geometric Algebra.

Quaternions are rotations in 4D-space

This all changed when William Kingdon Clifford united everything in his new Algebra.  Clifford’s algebra is composed of elements which are Combinations of Grassman’s Multivectors.

The Clifford Algebra that represents 3D Euclidean Geometry has 8 = 2**3 components instead of 3: 1 number (Point), 3 vectors (Length), 3 bivectors (Area) and 1 trivector (Volume).

It turns out if you use combinations of these elements to describe your geometric objects you can do the same things you did before (you still have 3 vector components).

In addition, you can have additional data in those other components that let you find distances and intersections (and a lot of other useful information) using simple and (computationally) cheap numerical operations.

The most important Insight of William Kingdom Clifford was that the Complex Numbers are not Numbers all.

They are Rotations in higher Dimensional Spaces.

About Pascal’s Triangle and Mount Meru

The String 1,3,3,1 of Clifford’s 3D Geometry is related to the 4th Level of Pascal’s Triangle. Level N of Pascal’s Triangle represents N-1-Dimensional Geometries.

The Sum of every level N of the Triangle is 2**N. This Number expresses the Number of Directions of the Geometric Structure of a Space with Dimension N.

A Point has 0 Direction, while a Line has 2 Directions, relative to its Center point, a Plane has 4 Directions, relative to its Center Point, and a Cube has 8 directions, relative to its Center point.

Mount Meru (Pascal's Triangle in Vedic Mathematics)

Pascal’s Triangle is also called the Binomial Expansion. This Expansion shows all the Combinations of two letters A and B in the function (A+B)**N. Level 1 of the Triangle is (A+B)**0 = 1  and level 2 is A x A + 2 A x B + B x B -> 1,2,1.

The Binomial Expansion converges to the Bell-Shaped Normal Distribution when N-> ∞.

The Diagonals of Pascal’s Triangle contain the Geometric Number Systems (Triangular Numbers, Pyramid Numbers, Pentatonal Numbers, ..) and the Golden Spiral of the Fibonacci Numbers.

Pascal’s Triangle is a Repository of all the Possible Magnitudes and their Components.

The Normal Distribution shows that the first level of the Triangle (the Tetraktys) is much more probable than the last levels.

The first four Levels of the Triangle of Pascal contain the Tetraktys of Pythagoras.

 

The Tetraktys  is an Ancient Vedic Mathematical Structure called the  Sri Yantra, Meru Prastara or Mount Meru.

About Numbers, Operations and the Klein Bottle

The Complex Numbers are not “Numbers” (Scalars) at all.

They are “Operations” (Movements) that can be applied to Magnitudes (Geometries) and Magnitudes are Combinations of the Simple Building Blocks of the Tetraktys, Points and Lines.

The Tao of Ancient China was not for nothing represented by a Flow of Water. According to the Ancient Chinese Mathematicians Every Thing Moves.  In the Beginning there was only Movement.

In the Beginning only the One was Moved but when the Duality was created the Two moved around each other never getting into contact to Avoid the Void.

When we look at the Numbers we now can see that they are the result of the Movements of  the first Diagonal of Pascals Triangle,  the 1′s (Points) or better the Powers of  the One: 1 **N (where N is a Dimension).

Even in the most simple Number System, the Unary Number System, Concatenation is an Operation, An Algorithm.

The Mathematician John Conway recently invented a new Number System called the Surreal Numbers that contains Every Number you can Imagine.

The Surreal Numbers are created out of the Void (ɸ)  by a simple Algorithm (Conway calls an Algorithm a Game) that describes Movements (Choices of Direction: Up, Down, Left, Right, ..)  that help you to Navigate in the N-Dimensional Number Space.

The Ancient Chinese Mathematicians played the same Game with the Numbers.

Algorithms were already known for a very long time by the Ancient Vedic Mathematicians. They called them Yantra’s.

SriYantra

Sri Yantra

Geometry is concerned with the Static Forms of Lines and Points but there are many other more “Curved” forms that are the result of  Rotating Expansion and Compression. These forms are researched by the modern version of Geometry called Topology.

The most interesting 4D Topological Structure is the Klein Bottle.  The Klein Bottle is  a combination of two Moebius Rings. It represents a Structure that is Closed in Itself.

It can be constructed by gluing both pairs of opposite edges of a Rectangle together giving one pair a Half-Twist. The Klein Bottle is highly related to the Ancient Art of Alchemy.

The movement of the Duality around the Void can be represented by a Moebius Ring the Symbol of Infinity ∞.

Later in this Blog we will see why the Number 8 is a Rotation of ∞ and the symbol of Number 8 is a combination of the symbol of the number 3 and its mirror.

First we will have a look at the Reciprocal Relation between Space and Time.

The Klein Bottle, The Universe Closed in Itself, the Basic Structure behind Alchemy.

The Klein Bottle, The Universe Closed in Itself, the Basic Structure behind Alchemy.

About Dewey B. Larson, Velocity and Time

Dewey B. Larson (1898 – 1990) was an American Engineer who developed the Reciprocal System of Physical Theory (RST).

Larson believed that the failure to recognize that Motion is the most basic physical constituent of the universe has handicapped the progress of the traditional study of physics, which focuses on Forces.

The definition of Motion stems from the Equation of Velocity, v = ds/dt.

Instead of depending upon the change of the location of an object to define an arbitrary “quantum” of space per “quantum” of time, such as miles per hour, or meters per second, the RST assumes that the observed universal passage, or progression, of time is one aspect of a universal motion that necessarily must be accompanied by a universal “passage,” or progression, of space.

The Units of Time fill up the Units of Space. Space and Time are Duals.

Space is not-Time and Time is not-Space. Time is Non-Local, Cyclic and represented by the Rotating Imaginary Numbers. Space is Local, Linear and Represented by the Scalar Numbers. Space is the Vacuum and the Nothing and Time is the non-vacuum, the Every Thing, the Solids represented by the Cube of Space.

The Cube of Space is the structure behind the Tetraktys but also behind the Book of Genesis.

Our Reality contains two Reciprocal 3D-structures related to Space and Time. Space and Time are related by the Simple Formula N/N=1/1=1, the Formula of Diracs Delta Function.

We are able to perceive the Real 3D-Structure of Space. The 3D-Structure of Time is Imaginary. It is situated in the Imaginary Number Space of i.

LarsonsScalarCube.jpg

Larson’s Cube, the Geometric Representation of the Octonion.

Larson, a Self Thought Genius like Grassmann, developed Geometric Algebra without knowing anything about Geometric Algebra but he also invented String Theory long before String Theory was invented.  The Mathematics of Larson is also the Mathematics of the Tetraktys of Pythagoras without even knowing anything about it.

wom_image3.jpg

The Periodic System of Larson

Larson was able to Calculate all the important Physical Numbers without any problem and was also able to Calculate Chemical Structures and Reactions.

About the Bott Periodicity

The fourth line of Pascals Triangle and the Tetraktys contains 8 Directions in the Four Geometric Dimensions: 0, 1, 2, and 3.

Mathematicians are intrigued with this number 8, because they find it popping up unexpectedly in advanced mathematics.

In fact, expanding the Binomial Expansion to 8 dimensions just creates an inverse copy of these first Four Dimensions, and then the pattern just repeats itself with a half-twist and back from there, ad infinitum.

This is called Bott Periodicity discovered by the mathematician Raoul Bott (1923-2005).

The mathematician John Baez wrote an article in which he relates this 8-fold Periodicity to the Scalars (1), the Complex Numbers (2), the Quaternions (2×2), and the Octonions (2x2x2 = 2**3).

Bott Periodicity

The Universe of Numbers and Magnitudes  is Cyclic and Fractal.

Our own Reality, symbolized by the Tetraktys,  repeats itself in Higher Dimensions until Infinity.

The Tetrad, represents Completion, because it contains all its Previous Numbers, the 1, 2, 3, and itself, 4, in One Number, 10 = (The One) +  9 (= 3 (Trinity)x 3 (Trinity) = Tetraktys).

As you can see in the Picture above the Fractal Pattern of 8 contains two kinds of Trinities/Triangles, an Upside and a Downside (Rotated by 180 Degrees) Triangle. When you Rotate by 180 Degrees the 1 becomes -1 and 1 + -1 =0 is the Void.

The Square is a combination of two Triangels. It is represented by the Of Star of David, the Symbol of the Heart Chakra.

The Star of David, the Symbol of Human Center, the Heart Chakra.

The Multi Dimensional Rotations of the Octonions always Come Back to Square 1/1=1, the One and keep Rotating around the Center, the Nothing,   Until Infinity.

LINKS

About the Tetraktys (1)

About the Tetraktys (2)

About Triangular Numbers and Pascal’s Triangle

About the Empty Set

About the Relationship Between Geometry and Music

About the Trinity

About the Game of the Surreal Numbers

About Larson and the Unification of Mathematics

The Collected Works of Dewey B Larson

About Number and Magnitude

About Ratio and Proportion

About Ratio and Proportion by Euclid

A book of Augustus deMorgan about “The Connection between Number and Magnitude”

The text of the Fifth Book of Euclid

An Educational You Tube Channel called Insights in Mathematics

About the History of Geometric Algebra

About the Sri Yantra

About Geometric Algebra

Free Software to use Geometric Algebra

About Clifford Algebra

About Yantra’s

About Movement

About Topology

About the Digital Root Patterns

About the Heart Chakra

A Video that shows how the Platonic Solids are created out of the Trinity Numbers

All you want to know about Geometric Patterns

About Darwin’s Superorganism

Saturday, May 8th, 2010
Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin

Many people believe that the theory of Evolution is based on the concept of competition. They believe that every gene, every cell, and every organism is designed to promote its own evolutionary success at the expense of others.

The big problem with this concept is that it does not explain the enormous amount of cooperation that is visible in Nature.

Atoms cooperate in Molecules. Molecules cooperate in Genes. Genes cooperate in Chromosomes. Chromosomes cooperate in eukaryoticcells. Cells cooperate in Multicellular Organisms. Multi Cellular Organisms cooperate in Humans. Humans cooperate in Families and Tribes and Families and Tribes cooperate in Organizations and Nations.

The question of how natural selectioncan lead to cooperative behavior or reciprocal altruism has fascinated evolutionarybiologists for several decades.

When Charles Darwin was writing his famous book the Descent of Man (1871) he was already highly puzzled by the social structures of the ants. Their cooperative behavior was “one special difficulty, which at first appeared to me insuperable, and actually fatal to my theory”.

To solve his problem Darwin proposed that in the case of ant societies natural selection applies not to the individual, but to the family or group. The ants were part of a “Super-Organism”, that consists of genetically similar individuals.

Although many individuals showed altruistic behavior in the group the “genetic code” was replicated because the individuals in the group were all “look alikes”. The Ants were “the Same” (Similar) and therefore every Ant that survived promoted the Genes of the Community.

To explain his theory Darwin wrote ‘sympathy is directed solely towards members of the same community, and therefore towards known, and more or less loved members, but not all the individuals of the same species’.

Darwin’s Theory of Group Selection was  later transformed into the theories of Genetic Kin Selection, Group Selection and the Genetic Similarity Theory. There is dramatic evidence that plants, animals and humans detect and act on genetic similarity.

For humans, both Spouses and best Friends are most similar on attributes with higher heritability.  People join clubs and societies that contain similar people and adopt ideologies that work in their genetic selfinterest. Genetic similarity also explains voting behaviour.

The Human Detection Center of Genetic Similarity is situated  in  the amygdala a part of the Limbic Brain System that is involved in Fear and Arousal.  The Amygdala activates the Sympathetic Nervous System responsible for the fight/flight-response of the Body. It prepares the body to get into action.

The recognition of another person depends on a long series of fast electrophysiological and slow biochemical reactions to the stimuli particular to that person or situation. These stimuli include seeing the other person’s face, hearing his voice, feeling his touch, and smelling his personal odors.

The reaction patterns of Humans to a fearfull situation are different. Some people, the Hawks, re-act very fast. They Fight and Compete. Some people, the Doves, re-act very slow. They Freeze, Flight or  Cooperate.

To find the appropriate reaction-pattern every one of our senses works hard to identify “the other” or “the others“. The detection of “dangerous others” has to happen very fast. This is the task of the electrophysiological pathways.

A fast detection is unreliable therefore a second “slow” cognitive pathway is started. In the cortex the frightening stimulus is analyzed in detail, using stored information from many parts of the brain, and a message is sent back down to the amygdala.

To detect stimuli that are really dangerous the amygdala uses a memory. This memory contains learned and inherited, imprinted, situations. The imprinted situations are highly related to the detection of genetic similarity.

If an animal or a human is frequently attacked the memory contains many Painfull Situations and the amygdala reacts more specific to a situation. The older a person gets the more difficult it becomes to erase this memory.

If people or animals are unable to make a distinction between their Own Whole and the Whole of the Others it will result in a Blurring of the Identity. The Whole of the Observer Merges or Overlaps with the Whole of the Observed. If this happens people act in a “friendly“, Emphatic,  mode and experience others as more “the same” than others do.

A Cooperative Strategy is highly related to the possibility of the Cognitive Part of the Human Detection-System to Move into the Other and Imagine what will Happen. The Hawks lack the ability to Imagine.

The most interesting concept that came out of Darwins Group Selection Theory is the Idea of the Super-Organism.

This Super Organism shows itself in many ways. Examples are the Family, the Tribe, Society and the Earth.

There is a similarity between the roles played by different organizations in Society and the functions of organs, systems and circuits in the body.

Industrial plants extract energy and building blocks from raw materials, just like the digestive system. Roads, railways and waterways transport these products from one part of the system to another one, just like the arteries and veins. Garbage dumps and sewage systems collect waste products, just like the colon and the bladder. The army and police protect the society against invaders and rogue elements, just like the immune system.

If we take the concept of the Super Organism a little bit further we could imagine the Super-Super-Super-Organism that contains all the other Organisms.  In some way every Organism is Genetically Similar (“the Same“) to this Organism.

If this is true and the Theory of Group Selection is Right every Organism is an enfolding of the “Architecture of the Whole“, the Tree of Life,  and a Majority of the Organisms (the Doves) will have an Altruistic Tendency to this Super-Organism.

The Doves Love, want to Unite With,  the Whole and the Hawks dislike the Whole because they want to be a Whole themselves.

Some Scientists call the Super Organism, Gaia,  Mother Earth, but there is no reason why we should not include the Bigger Structures in the Universe until we have reached the Boundary.

On every Level the Same Pattern appears.

On every level the Whole is splitted into Individual Parts. The parts  live a Life of their own (Agency). When we Move UP the Parts are United (Communion)  into a Bigger Structure.

When we look DOWN we interpret the proces of Splitting as a Competition. When we look UP we see a different pattern we Name “Cooperation“.

If we look at the history of the splitting process it looks like the wholes were splitted without any reason. It just happened. If we believe this Evolution is based on pure chance. Life is just a coincedence.

When we analyze the process of Evolution a Pattern emerges. This pattern is Cyclic, Leveled and Self-Referential. The process is almost invisible because with every Name we Utter we carve out a portion of the world and create a Boundary.

Every Time we Divide the World with Words the World becomes more complicated. Every New Concept that is not created without a View on the Pattern of the Whole generates a higher level of Confusion and increases the Complexity of Something that is really very Simple.

We create distinctions between Animals and Humans, Humans and Plants because the Hawkish Genes Want Us to Believe We Are Something Special.

Because of their Special Status the Hawks treat their fellow organisms in a very brutal way. They Exploit (Desire) them because of their Need to Control their Environment. They want to Control their Environment  because they are Afraid to lose Control. They are Afraid that their Identity (Their Ego, Their Agency, Their Whole) will disappear when they Commune with the Whole.

The Effect of the Behavior of the Hawks is the Destruction of the Environment that they Fear so Much. They are destroying their own Mother Earth who is certainly one of the Super Organisms that gave birth to the many wholes that are just there to Enjoy her Care.

The big problem we have is Naming. What we don’t see or don’t want to see is that every Split is a Split in two Opposite Complementary Parts (Yin/not-Yin= Yang, Male/not-Male = Female, Cooperate/not-Cooperate = Compete) that Share  the Void, the Empty Set, the State the Universe was in before it was created.

On every level the Nothing, the State of Infinite Potential and Love,  is still there but it is hidden because we started to use Words, to describe what meant to be an Experience.

This brings us to the final conclusion.

The big problem that is treatening Mother Earth is Hawkish Behavior. In the long term this kind of behavior is not helping the Human Gene at all. It not only destroys  the Human Gene. It destroys  the complete group of genetic “Look-a-Likes” of the Human Gene.

Darwin was Right.

Altruistic Behavior, Cooperation,  is the Only Way for the (Human) Genes to Survive.

Let us Help the Hawks to Erase their Fearfull Memories.

LINKS

About Genetic Similarity Theory and the Cyclic Universe

About Ethics and Genetic Similarity Theory

Edward O. Wilson: A video about the Super Organism

About the role of the Amygdala

A discussion about Morality and the Superorganism

A Mathematical Model that Explains the Evolution of Cooperation

Why Non-Cooperative Humans (Hawks) always Win and Cooperative Humans (Doves) always Lose

An Article in American Scientist about the Superorganism

How Multicellar Organisms cooperate in Humans

How the Void is able to cure Addiction

The Social Effects of Genetic Similarity

Genetic Similarity in Mate Choice and Friendship in Twins

Wittgenstein about Families and Language

An Article in Wired About the Super Organism

About the Super Organism and Systems Theory

About the problem of Naming and Dividing

About the Void

About the Triple Goddess

Tuesday, October 14th, 2008

John Dryden famously said, “We first make our habits, and then our habits make us.”

Confucius said, “Men’s natures are alike; it is their habits that separate them.”

And Aristotle noticed that, “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence then, is not an act, but a habit.”

 

It’s pretty clear that the habits you adopt will shape who you are. What are your habits?
Do you eat the same thing for lunch, go through the same exercise routine, and fall into bed at the same time each night?
Or maybe you’ve made a habit out of eating something sweet before bed, avoiding the gym, and staying up as late as possible.

When it comes to your fitness, the two habits that define you are your eating and exercise habits. In fact, everyone that you know who is in great shape has dialed in these two important habits. Try out protetox, If you aren’t happy with your current state, then simply adjust your eating and exercise habits.

 

Here’s how to adopt a habit:

1) Decide on the ONE habit that you would like to develop. It’s tempting to pick up 3 or 4 healthy habits but choosing just one new habit is realistic and doable. Here are some healthy habit ideas:

• Do not eat after 7pm each night.
• Bring your lunch to work instead of eating fast food.
• Exercise 4 times a week before or after work for 45 minutes each time.
• Only eat fruits and veggies as your afternoon snack (mostly veggies).
• Get up early and exercise for an hour each morning.
• Workout with me 3 times a week.

 

2) Write your new habit down on paper. Also include your 3 main motivators for developing this new habit, the obstacles you’ll face, and your strategies for overcoming these obstacles.

Here’s an example:

• My new habit is to work with a personal trainer 3 times each week.
• My 3 main motivators are 1) to feel confident in my bathing suit this summer, 2) to have more energy, and 3) to fit into my skinny jeans.
• The obstacles I will face are 1) not having the energy to go to my session after work, 2) not having enough money to pay for sessions, and 3) not having my spouse’s support.
• I will overcome these obstacles by 1) doing my workouts before work instead of after work, so I have more energy, 2) cutting down on frivolous spending to ensure that I can afford it, and 3) asking my spouse to join me so we can get in shape together.

 

3) Commit fully to your new habit, in a public way. This could mean posting it on social media, or simply announcing it at the dinner table. Put yourself in a position where you’ll be less likely to give up on your new habit.

 

4) Keep track of your progress. You could keep a detailed journal or simply make a check mark on each calendar day that you successfully exercise your new habit. Once your new habit becomes second nature, usually in about 30 days, feel free to add a second habit by going through the same steps. I’d love for my fitness program to become your new healthy habit!

About Virtue and Wisdom

Tuesday, July 8th, 2008

When you lend somebody something you assume he (or she) will give the item back in due time. To lend you have to Trust somebody. There are many ways to create a trusted relation. When a long term trusted relationship grows out of a long chain of interactions the Iterated Prisoners Dilemma is at stake. The Chinese are the Masters of Playing this Game.

In some situations it is very clear that a try-out is not necessary. If we look at the cultures of the Earth we can see that the concept of Family or Tribe more or less guaranties a trustful relationship. In a Family it is not needed to create very complicated arrangements like contracts, procedures, laws and judges. The Family uses it own rules.

The consequence of the Concept of the Family and the Tribe is a formalization of relationships based on a Place in a Hierarchy. Everybody has to know its place.

A King has to play the role of the King and a Father has to play the role of the Father. In a Family or an Extended Family (Tribe) you are trained to play the roles you have to play in your life.

Confucius (551-479 BC) saw the universe and all living things in it as a manifestation of a unifying force called the Doe (translated as the Truth, Unity, or the Way). Doe constitutes the very essence, basis, and unit of life that perpetuates order, goodness, and righteousness.

It manifests itself in the harmonious opposition of yin (“feminine, gentle“) and yang (“masculine, strong“), and in humans through duk (“virtue“). Virtue is a gift received from Heaven.

It is through Virtue that a person is able to know the Heavenly Truth and it is the “locus where Heaven and I meet“. Virtue can be realized through self-cultivation. It provides the fundamental source of insight and strength to rule peacefully and harmoniously within oneself, one’s family, one’s nation, and the world.

There are two inter-related aspects of virtue: in (“Human-hearted-ness“) and ui (“Rightness“).

The basis of individual and humanity is the Human-heartedness. Human-heartedness is essentially relational and it involves loving, sacrificing and taking care of others. Individuals are born with Human-heartedness and experience Human-heartedness through the sacrifice and devotion of their parents.

The second concept, ui (“rightness“), notes that an individual is born into a particular family with a particular status. Rightness articulates that individuals must perform and fulfil their duties as defined by their particular status and role.

Confucius considered family and society to be hierarchically ordered, necessitating that everyone fulfil their duties. Fulfilling one’s given role as a father, mother, child, elder, teacher, or politician is considered a moral imperative and not a matter of personal choice.

Confucius considered society to be socially ordered and that each person has beun (“portion or place“) in life. Each beun had attached roles and duties, and each person must fulfil these roles and duties. Duties and obligations of each beun are prescribed by yea (“propriety“).

Propriety articulates expectations, duties, and behavior of each individual according to his or her status and role. For example, chemyon (“social face“) need to be maintained by a person of social stature defined by his or status, regardless of his or her personal preference.

Social order and harmony are preserved when people observe their place in society and fulfil their required obligations and duties.

The fourth concept is ji (“knowledge“). Knowledge allows us to understand the virtues of Human-heartedness and Rightness and to follow these virtues through Propriety. It is the basis of the development of Wisdom.

By the applying the principles of Confucius Chinese Society became a Well Oiled Machine. Every action that was taken was pre-programmed by all levels of education. Every part in the machine knew its role. Life was highly predictable and everybody accepted its place in Society. There was Harmony and Peace in the world.

If there be righteousness in the heart, there will be beauty in character,

If there be beauty in character, there will be harmony in the home.

If there be harmony in the home, there will be order in the nation.

If there be order in the nation, there will be peace in the world.

The big changes of Chinese Society came Out of the West. The English Empire destroyed the Heavenly Order by selling large quantities of Opium. The huge underclass of China was a beautiful target for the people who followed the theories of Lenin.

The Upperclass was destroyed and a new Upperclass, The Communist Party, took over. The culture of China has not changed. People still know their place and the Doe (The Way It Is) is now proclaimed by the Party. The new upperclass knows it has to keep the underclass in harmony.

The Party decided to create a higher standard of living by importing capitalistic principles from the West. It is now moving in high speed to the level of the Consumer Society. The West is paying for this move by buying Chinese products for a very low price.

In this way China has accumulated an enormous amount of money (mostly dollars). They are able to buy what they want. With the enormouss stock of dollars they are able to manipulate US Government. China is able to destroy the US Financial System in one fast move. They certainly will not do that.

The Chinese people are experts in strategy. They know how to acquire power without fighting. They keep a social face and play the game others want them to play. They are experts in applying the Iterated Prisoners Dilemma. They know Confucius and his predecessors were Wise man. They knew how to move with The Cycle, the Tao.

Western Society has lost its cultural foundation. The principles of Confucius don’t sound very strange to us. They are easily translated into Christianity.

When the West lost the basic principle of Christianity, Human-hearted-ness (in) one of the two pillars of Trust was lost. The West rationalized Empathy (Compassion, Emotion). I Think, therefore I Am (Descartes) became the basis of the Self.

When people started to do the “wrong thing” the second pillar of Trust, Integrity (ui, Rightness) dropped. Politicians were not Playing the Role of the Politician and Managers were not Playing the Role of Manager. They lost their Virtue.

Finally the Doe (Unity) of Western Society was gone. Families broke up. Everybody was Left on its Own and started to act on a Short-Term Perspective.

The Interated Prisoners Dilemma changed into a chain of disconnected attempts to leave the Prison. The best way to win such a Game is to defect. You always win but your victory is never a Win-Win. On the long term Everybody changes into a potential Enemy.

The West entered the State of Individualism and even Egoism. In this state it is almost impossible to act out of Unity. Everybody is going its Own Way or is Competing with the Other. This makes it even easier for the Chinese Masters to create a new Machine to support their Extended Family.

About the Renaissance

Wednesday, April 2nd, 2008

The Renaissance was a Cultural Movement that spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century. It started in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spread to the rest of Western Europe.

 After the Dark Middle Ages, controlled by the Church of Rome, aimed at the Inside (Spirit and Soul), many people wanted to discover the Outside.

The Renaissance is the Age of Discovery. It is the time of Columbus.

T704836_23The printing press, invented in 1450, made it possible to distribute all the new knowledge all over the known world.

The new knowledge is in reality very old knowledge. Renaissance means re-birth and the Renaissance is the re-birth of the knowledge (and wisdom) of the Greek and the Romans.

This knowledge was forbidden and destroyed by the Rulers in Rome. It came back because of renewed contacts with the Arab Culture. At that time Arab Culture was at the top of its cycle.

Art (Leonardo Da Vinci) and Science (Copernicus (1514)) exploded. Both of them were funded by the rich merchants (Medici, Venice).

Scientists started to experiment and used advanced tools (Microscope, Telescope) to study the external world and the internal world (the Body). They looked with their own Eyes and not with the Eyes of the Bible.

renaissanceperIn the Arts the Perspective was invented. Artist used advanced tools (“camera’s) to support their own eyes to project the outside world on a flat surface.

Another Re-Birth was the Reformation (Luther, 1517). The Bible was translated in many languages and distributed by the printing press to many people.

For the first time people outside the Church could read and study Religious documents and compare them with Scientific Evidence  from Greece, Arabia and Rome.

columbus_taking_possessionThe need to convert others to the Christian faith was huge. Many expeditions, Crusades,  were send out to unknown territory to find convertible humans.

The missionaries used the old fashioned trick learned from the Huns to force people to accept  the Faith by violence. Millions of people were tortured and killed.

At the outside of the Christian Empire the Arabs were attacking all the time. They were also very wealthy.

The search for Gold stimulated the weapon-industry of the west.

Not only the weapon industry flourished also the transport industry (Maps, Navigation, Big Ships) made a lot of progress.

The combination of both of them (The Navy, “War-Ships”) helped the West to Rule the Sea.

mercatorProduction in the Renaissance was carried out by the Guilds, a Cooperation of Craftsman. They were almost in total control of every craft in the big cities.

The Renaissance (Creation) is part of the Cycle of Western Culture.

In this Cycle it was preceded by the rule of Roman Church (Control) and followed by the Industrial Revolution (Social).

The rebirth was fuelled by an Expansion Phase (Fire).

In this phase not only Arabic Culture expanded and rose to a high point also the new rulers of the West (Celts, Germans), the descendants of the Huns, created new Kingdoms and build the Cathedrals. The Cathedrals contained all the occult knowledge of that time (Sacred Geometry, The Spiral, The Light, The Four Forces,.).

On a macro level we see an interesting pattern.

The phase of Fire (Expansion, Practice, Summer, Sensory, …) fuels the phase of Creation (Up, Spirit, Idea, Eye, Winter, Mythic,…).

Ideas are put into Practice or Practice generates Ideas. The combination of Sensory and Mythic (A Game) is called Invention or Exploration by Will McWhinney.

The game of Exploration is an Infinite Game. Infinite games are about continuing the Game.

Going Back to Jump to another Level is also a pattern that is visible in the most advanced theory about ecologies promoted by the Resilience Alliance (RA).

The Ecology of the Roman Church dominant in the Dark part of the Middle Ages collapsed. It collapsed because of many factors.

In this time the Plague killed millions of people. The Climate was very instable (An Ice-Age) and the new Kingdoms of the Huns and Celts were heavily expanded. They started to fight for dominance.

According to the theory of RA a collapsing ecology reverts to a previous stage to rise again.

What does this say about Innovation?

Innovation is fuelled by an earlier (expansion) stage in history. It is triggered by a collapse of an Ecology.

If we look at the current state of the world we see a Collapse (a Compression) of the World Wide Ecology. It will certainly generate a stage of Ideas and Creativity.

This is needed to solve the current problems. In contrary to many ideas about Innovation the only way to solve the problems is to Look Back and Learn from History.

We can learn from the Control Stage of the Middle Ages where one paradigm was enforced. At this moment Science is enforcing again one paradigm, the paradigm of Control, Abstraction, Technology, the Computer, Statistics and the Factory.

They were created during the Industrial Revolution that was aimed at creating Unity (Every Thing is the Same).

At this moment we are moving into the stage of the Center, Balance and Harmony.  In this stage we always jump to a new level of Conscioussness. In the last Center-Stage the Religion of the Islam was born so the chances are high that a new World Religion will appear or re-appear.

People that explore contradicting paradigms are excluded from the scientific community. This community controls the world of Inspiration just like the Guilds were controlling the crafts in the Renaissance. To innovate we need Freedom of Paradigm.

We can learn from the Idea stage of the Renaissance. It teaches us that a Union of Art, Science and Spirituality is needed to support real innovation.

We can also learn from a comparable phase in the Cycle, the phase of Harmony. In this phase the old is completely destroyed by an invasion of people outside its territory (The Huns).

The West is trying with all its force to block a huge part of the Earth (the “Under-Developed” countries) to take part in its innovation. It creates (Economic and Legal) Walls just like the Roman Empire and the Chinese Empire created Walls to protect their territory from the Huns and The Celts when they were in their end-stage.

The Under-Developed countries are of a Lower Culture. Perhaps these cultures carry something the West desperately needs. In these cultures the collective is more important than the individual. In these cultures the sick, the poor and the old are still taken care of.

Funny.

I believe this was the message Christianity wanted to bring to the World.

Something went wrong in the West don’t you think?

LINKS

About the Perspective

Lectures about the Renaissance part 1

Lectures about the Renaissance part 2

Lectures about the Renaissance part 3

About Subsidies

Thursday, March 6th, 2008
Around 1993 I became responsible for Subsidy Management at ABN AMRO. The whole thing started when the bank contracted a specialized company called PNO. I was asked to coordinate their activities in the Bank.
  • First you have to write a proposal (estimate time (including advisor).
  • When you get a subsidy you have to spend time reporting (estimate time).
  • The sum of both multiplied by the price per hour result in the costs.
  • Multiply the sum of subsidy by the chance you get the subsidy. A simple way to do that is to estimate the amount of contenders. This gives you a simple statistical expectation.
  • If the Estimated sum is lower than the costs don’t spend your time and try to get money in a different way. In general when you are a small company stay out of subsidies.

If you really want to become rich start a company like PNO (Pecunia Non Olet, Money Does Not Stink).

When I met them I soon found out that I was there when the company was created. They started their activities at the same place (Hengelo) and the same building as the company of a friend of mine. This company (Utopics) developed the expert-system they use to track subsidy opportunities.

Until 1993 I did not realize that it was possible to acquire a huge amount of money when you play the game the right way.

The Subsidy Game is played the right way when you combine two things. You have to align your strategy and related projects with the vision of government and you have to create the right level of contacts.

When the local or international government defines a policy they look for instruments to support this policy. One of the instruments they use is subsidies. They pay you to do what they want you to do.

When you want to get a lot of money you have to align your policy with the policy of the government.

It is very important to understand that aligning your policy is a virtual act. You have to show that the policy is written down on paper. If you are clever you don’t have to adjust your plans. In reality you play the same game government is playing. They also act very differently at the inside.

They play the Game of Politics. The game of politics is a combination between the Unity (Plan, Model) and the Social (Emotions, Network) World-View. The game is about persuading people to accept a model or plan or asking an opinion about a plan.

The simple trick is to relate all the projects you are doing to the policies of the Government and translate the project-plan into a proposal for subsidy.

The next step is much more important. You have to influence the network of decision makers. I hope you are not a naive person who believes in an objective government.

Everybody in government can be influenced to do what you want. The only thing that counts is the price you have to pay. Please understand that bribing is possible but this is a very stupid way to get influence because it only influences one person.

To get an optimal result you have become an “important person” in the network of decision makers itself.

To do this you have practice the art of Public Relations (PR). When you are practicing PR you have to know WHO is WHO, visit meetings and parties and give something to receive something.

When the Subsidy-project grew I became involved in PR at a large scale. PR is really fun. You talk a lot, travel a lot, you eat (and drink) a lot and sometimes you make a beautiful deal.

Soon I found out that the power of the Dutch Government was gone. The power was moved to Brussels. I made a proposal the create a special lobby-office in Brussels and to my surprise top-management agreed.

This started a new level of sophisticated manipulation. Getting things done in Brussels is much more difficult that getting things done in the Hague.

Brussels can be compared with Washington and the European Union acts the same as the USA. Many things are decided behind close doors and the most important influencers are the rich companies.

To get some instant experience I visited a few lobby offices and talked with the managers to find out how they were doing “it”.

My most spectacular experience was with IBM. IBM seemed to me the perfect lobby machine. The manager of the Lobby Office was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of IBM and he also had the power to act.

Influencing EG Policy was a very important issue at IBM. You have to understand that the EG is deciding about many standards and the standards have to be built in the products of IBM.

When I got acquainted with the practices of Brussels I discovered many “bribing patterns”. Later they were also detected and many scandals appeared. Yes, High Level Officials of the EG asked for money and they were also payed.

When you are not a high level player in the Subsidy Business I advice you to make use of an advisor. Even if you use an advisor the changes are low. Because of the low changes you are able to make a simple calculation to find out if subsidies are something you have pursue.